Confucian Philosophy on Pleasure and Abstinence

Confucianism, originating from the teachings of the ancient Chinese sage Confucius (Kongzi), emphasizes morality, family values, and respect for elders and tradition. While Confucianism is often seen primarily as a system of ethics and governance, its views on pleasure and abstinence offer a unique lens through which we can explore the delicate balance between enjoying life’s pleasures and maintaining one’s virtue. In this Mantra101 blog post, we will explore the principles of Confucianism in relation to the topics of Pleasure and Abstinence.

1. Pleasure in Moderation

In Confucian thought, pleasures are not intrinsically bad. Pleasures from food, drink, music, and other aesthetic experiences can be appreciated and enjoyed. For Confucius, it is the excessive pursuit of these pleasures that becomes problematic.

The “Analects,” a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius and his disciples, frequently touches upon the theme of moderation. In one instance, Confucius says: “Riches and honors are what men desire. If they cannot be obtained in the proper way, they should not be held.”

This doesn’t mean that riches and pleasures should be rejected outright. Rather, they should be pursued in the “proper way”—with moderation and in accordance with moral principles.

2. The Dangers of Excess

Excessive indulgence in pleasures can cloud judgment, lead to immoderate behaviors, and stray an individual from the path of righteousness and virtue. It is not the pleasures themselves, but the attachment or overindulgence in them, that Confucianism warns against.

In the Analects, Confucius highlights the value of restraint: “To be fond of learning is to be near to knowledge. To practice with vigor is to be near to righteousness. To know to be ashamed is to be near to courage.”