Franz Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis,” first published in 1915, remains one of the most profound and enigmatic works of modern literature. The novella’s haunting narrative, centered on the transformation of Gregor Samsa into a gigantic insect, has captivated readers and scholars alike. Beneath its surreal surface lies a rich tapestry of existential, social, and psychological themes. I have actually explored the Kafka’s perplexing philosophy in a previous blog post, but I had not actually read the Metamorphosis back then as I have now. Thus, this Mantra 101 blog post delves into the philosophical depths of “The Metamorphosis,” exploring the existential angst, alienation, and absurdity that define Kafka’s darkly compelling tale.

“The Metamorphosis” begins with a startling premise: Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman, wakes up one morning to find himself transformed into a gigantic insect. This grotesque change sets off a series of events that reveal the profound impact of Gregor’s transformation on his sense of self, his family dynamics, and his place in society. As Gregor grapples with his new reality, he becomes increasingly isolated and dehumanized, leading to a tragic conclusion.

At its core, “The Metamorphosis” is a profound exploration of existential angst and alienation. Gregor’s transformation can be seen as a metaphor for the individual’s struggle to find meaning and purpose in a seemingly indifferent and hostile world. Gregor’s metamorphosis strips him of his human identity, reducing him to a creature driven by primal instincts. This physical change symbolizes the existential crisis where one feels disconnected from their own identity and existence. Furthermore, Gregor’s transformation leads to his physical and emotional isolation. His family’s initial shock and subsequent revulsion highlight the alienation that often accompanies profound existential realizations. Gregor’s inability to communicate and connect with others mirrors the existential theme of the individual’s profound loneliness in the universe.

Kafka’s novella is often associated with the philosophy of absurdism, which suggests that human beings exist in a purposeless, chaotic universe that is indifferent to their struggles and aspirations. For example, the sudden and inexplicable nature of Gregor’s transformation underscores the absurdity of existence. There is no logical explanation for his change, reflecting the absurdist belief that life is inherently irrational and beyond human comprehension. Gregor’s futile attempts to adapt to his new form and maintain his role within the family underscore the absurdity of trying to impose order and meaning on an inherently chaotic existence. His efforts to continue his work and support his family are rendered meaningless by his new condition.