In my last blog post, I delved into the themes and story of Frederick Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis”. However, in this Mantra 101 blog post, I want to dive further into Kafka’s rhetorical purpose.

“The Metamorphosis” also serves as a poignant critique of dehumanization and the alienating effects of modern society and capitalism. Gregor’s value to his family is largely instrumental; he is primarily seen as a provider. Once he can no longer fulfill this role, he becomes a burden. This reflects the capitalist tendency to reduce individuals to their economic utility, dehumanizing them in the process. The novella exposes the fragile nature of familial bonds when they are based on utility rather than genuine affection. Gregor’s transformation reveals the underlying selfishness and lack of empathy in his family’s relationships with him. Their ultimate rejection of Gregor highlights the conditional nature of their love and support.

Kafka’s exploration of Gregor’s internal experience adds a rich psychological dimension to the narrative. The story delves into themes of guilt, shame, and self-worth. Gregor’s initial concern upon waking up as an insect is not for his own well-being but for the consequences on his family and job. This reflects a deep-seated sense of guilt and responsibility, suggesting a self-sacrificial aspect of his character. As Gregor’s condition deteriorates, so does his sense of self-worth. He internalizes the shame and disgust directed at him by his family, leading to a profound psychological decline.

“The Metamorphosis” is a multifaceted work that continues to resonate with readers due to its rich philosophical and psychological themes. Kafka’s exploration of existential angst, absurdity, dehumanization, and alienation offers a profound commentary on the human condition. Gregor Samsa’s tragic journey invites us to reflect on the nature of identity, the meaning of existence, and the often harsh realities of modern life. Through its surreal and unsettling narrative, “The Metamorphosis” challenges us to confront the complexities of our own existence and the society we inhabit.